What is the primary function of photovoltaic (PV) collectors?

The primary function of photovoltaic (PV) collectors is to convert sunlight into electricity. This process occurs through the photovoltaic effect, where the cells within the collectors absorb photons from sunlight, freeing electrons and creating a flow of electricity. The efficiency of PV collectors in converting solar energy into usable electrical energy makes them integral to renewable energy systems, allowing for the generation of clean electricity for various applications, both residential and commercial.

The other options involve functions unrelated to the core purpose of PV collectors. Storing electrical energy typically requires batteries or other storage systems; heating water for domestic use is a function of solar thermal collectors, not photovoltaic systems; and capturing rainwater for irrigation pertains to water conservation and management systems, distinct from energy generation. Thus, the true role of photovoltaic collectors is focused solely on electricity generation from solar energy.